Three-dimensional bladder ultrasound to measure daily urinary bladder volume in hospitalized dogs.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder volume (UBV) and urine residual volume (URV) provide important information for hospitalized dogs and might allow recognition of urine retention. OBJECTIVE: Using 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound to monitor daily URV is a safe and effective way to recognize urinary retention. ANIMALS: Twenty-five client-owned hospitalized dogs. METHODS: Prospective, observational study. UBV and URV were measured using 3D ultrasound daily at approximately the same time. UBV was measured, the dog was taken for a 5-minute controlled leash walk, then URV was estimated. Concurrent use of opioids, anesthetics, and fluids administered IV were recorded. RESULTS: Daily URVs were >0.4&#xa0;mL/kg in 22 of 25 dogs on at least 1&#x2009;day of hospitalization. Seventeen of 25 dogs had an abnormal URV at the time of discharge. Of 18 dogs that were anesthetized while hospitalized, 16 had a URV >0.4&#xa0;mL/kg with a mean of 4.34&#x2009;mL/kg (range, 0.5-13.4&#xa0;mL/kg). No statistical difference in degree of URV was found based on the use of anesthesia, administration of fluids IV, or opioids. Weight was significantly associated with URV; dogs <10&#xa0;kg had a higher URV per unit mass than dogs >10&#xa0;kg (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Use of a 3D ultrasound device to measure daily UBV and URV in hospitalized dogs provides a safe estimate of bladder volume in real-time. Monitoring daily URV might help in early identification of patients that are retaining urine, thereby preventing potential adverse effects of urethral catheterization or prolonged urinary retention.