Serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration in healthy neonatal Thoroughbred foals.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is widely used in other species as a marker of renal dysfunction and is considered a more sensitive indicator of glomerular filtration rate than creatinine. Reference ranges are established in healthy adult horses (&#x2264;14&#xa0;&#x3bc;g/dL) and concentrations are increased in horses with acute kidney injury (median 32&#xa0;&#x3bc;g/dL; range 15-92). OBJECTIVES: To establish the normal range of SDMA concentrations in neonatal Thoroughbreds. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from Thoroughbred foals <36&#xa0;h old deemed healthy by physical examination. Exclusion criteria included foals from mares undergoing treatment for placentitis and foals that developed clinical disease or died/euthanised <2&#xa0;weeks from birth. Biochemistry and serum SDMA concentrations were obtained. RESULTS: Subjects included 120 foals. Median age was 13.5&#xa0;h (range 1.0-34.0). Median and 95% confidence interval for SDMA concentration was 69.0&#xa0;&#xb5;g/dL (63.0, 75.0; range 35.0-376.0). A cut-off value of 168&#xa0;&#xb5;g/dL would include 95% of individuals and is therefore suggested. Serum SDMA concentration was correlated with age (R&#xa0;=&#xa0;-.3, P&#xa0;=&#xa0;.003), creatinine concentration (R&#xa0;=&#xa0;.6, P&#xa0;&#x2264;&#xa0;.001) and urea concentration (R&#xa0;=&#xa0;.3, P&#xa0;=&#xa0;.002). MAIN LIMITATIONS: Limitations include a small sample size, no consideration of subclinical disease and a short follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: In equine neonates, SDMA concentration is higher than in adult horses, older foals and adults with acute kidney injury. Therefore, currently SDMA cannot be used as a marker of renal dysfunction in this age group. Further work is required to assess whether SDMA concentration is increased in neonates with renal disease and, if so, what cut-off should be used.