Retrospective analysis of the effects of Blastomyces antigen concentration in urine and radiographic findings on survival in dogs with blastomycosis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Blastomyces antigen concentration in urine (BACU) test is used to diagnose blastomycosis and monitor treatment in dogs. It is unknown if a higher BACU is associated with shorter survival. OBJECTIVES: To determine if the magnitude of BACU before treatment is associated with survival in dogs with blastomycosis. ANIMALS: Fifty-two dogs with blastomycosis. METHODS: Retrospective case review. BACU, radiographic lung severity (RLS) score (0-4 scale), and survival time up to 1&#x2009;year after diagnosis were obtained through medical record review of dogs with Blastomyces dermatitidis. RESULTS: The overall survival was: discharge, 87%; 1&#x2009;week, 85%; 2&#x2009;months, 74%; and 6 months, 69%. BACU correlated with RLS score (r= 0.33, P = .02). BACU and RLS scores were lower in survivors to 2&#x2009;months than nonsurvivors (average BACU difference of 2.5&#x2009;ng/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2-4.8&#x2009;ng/mL, P = .04; median RLS difference of 2; range, 0-4, P = .02). Dogs with BACU <5&#x2009;ng/mL and dogs with mild (0-1) RLS scores had a greater proportion surviving than those with BACU >5&#x2009;ng/mL (P = .03) and dogs with severe (3-4) RLS scores (P = .04). All dogs with a BACU <5&#x2009;ng/mL or mild RLS score were alive at last follow-up (median, 365&#x2009;days; range, 44-365&#x2009;days). In all, 68.1% of other dogs survived to 2&#x2009;months (95% CI, 54.8%-84.8%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Dogs with lower BACU and RLS scores have improved survival; however, it is unclear what specific cutoffs should be used for prognosis.