Propionic Acid Driven by theCulture Supernatant Alleviates Colitis by Inhibiting M1 Macrophage Polarization by Modulating the MAPK Pathway in Mice.

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effects ofon the mouse colitis model. The results showed that the supernatant of theculture alleviated colitis and remodeled gut microbiota, represented by an increased abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, leading to an increased concentration of propionic acid in the intestine. Further studies revealed that propionic acid inhibited activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and polarization of M1 macrophages. Macrophage clearance assays confirmed that macrophages are indispensable for alleviating colitis through propionic acid.experiments showed that propionic acid directly inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway in macrophages and reduced M1 macrophage polarization, thereby inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings improve our understanding of howattenuates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and provide valuable insights for identifying molecular targets for IBD treatment in the future.