Preclinical evaluation of Senna alata leaf extract against Hymenolepis diminuta: a promising natural anthelmintic solution.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Senna alata is widely recognized for its wide range of therapeutic benefits, including its antioxidant activity. Our previous research demonstrated its non-toxic nature in mice and its modulatory effects on the antioxidant system of the zoonotic parasite Hymenolepis diminuta. However, understanding the mode of action of S. alata during active parasitic infection is essential for evaluating its antiparasitic potential. This study aims to explore the in vivo efficacy of alcoholic leaf extract of S. alata against H. diminuta infection in a rodent model, focusing on both antiparasitic activity and host health parameters, which make it a promising candidate for further therapeutic exploration. METHODS: The in vivo studies on S. alata leaf extract provided important preclinical insights into its antiparasitic mechanism against H. diminuta. Male Swiss albino rats were pre-infected with cysticercoid larvae of H. diminuta and subsequently treated orally post 22 days of infection with alcoholic leaf extract of S. alata at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Faecal egg counts were monitored daily until the end of the experiment to assess the parasitic burden. Haematological parameters along with liver and kidney function markers were analysed in both treated and untreated control groups to evaluate the host's physiological response and overall health. RESULTS: The 1000 mg/kg dose of S. alata extract resulted in a complete reduction in faecal egg count and full elimination of parasites from the small intestine. All the treatment doses significantly alleviated H. diminuta-induced anemia and ameliorated hepatic and renal impairments in infected rats. The extract showed no signs of systemic toxicity across all concentrations used. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potent antiparasitic effects of S. alata against H. diminuta in a rodent model. The alcoholic leaf extract of S. alata, particularly at 1000 mg/kg, exhibits strong antiparasitic efficacy against H. diminuta, alongside notable improvements in host hematological and organ function parameters. Its non-toxic nature reinforces its potential as a safe, natural anthelmintic, warranting further exploration for therapeutic applications.