Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Hydrazide and Hydrazone Derivatives: Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Potential in Preclinical Models.

Abstract

Hydrazones, characterized by their C=N-NH functional group, are promising candidates in medicinal chemistry due to their ability to interact with biological targets. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of-pyrrolylcarbohydrazide () and four pyrrole hydrazone derivatives () in male Wistar rats (6 weeks old). Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model, while formalin, tail flick, and paw withdrawal tests evaluated analgesia. Compoundexhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. At 20 mg/kg, significant edema reductions were observed at the 2nd (= 0.035) and 3rd hours (= 0.022), while at 40 mg/kg, reductions remained significant at the 2nd (= 0.008) and 3rd hours (= 0.046). Compoundshowed pronounced effects at 20 mg/kg at the 2nd (= 0.005), 3rd (< 0.001), and 4th hours (= 0.004). Other compounds demonstrated minimal or no activity. Analgesic evaluation revealed that at 40 mg/kg, compoundsignificantly reduced paw-licking time in the second phase (= 0.038). Compounds,, andexhibited transient effects in the first phase only (< 0.05). Compoundlacked significant analgesic activity. The findings suggest that structural modifications may enhance efficacy for broader therapeutic applications.