Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Peri-ictal magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in dogs with suspected idiopathic epilepsy.
- Journal:
- Journal of veterinary internal medicine
- Year:
- 2021
- Authors:
- Nagendran, Aran et al.
- Affiliation:
- Department of Veterinary Science · United Kingdom
- Species:
- dog
Plain-English summary
This study looked at how seizures affect the brains of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, which is a type of epilepsy with no known cause. Researchers examined MRI scans from 81 dogs and found that seizures caused noticeable changes in the brain, particularly in areas like the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus. Most of these changes were found on both sides of the brain and were similar in appearance. The findings suggest that seizures can lead to various changes in brain tissue, which may help us understand the effects of seizures better. Overall, the study identified more areas of the brain that can be affected by seizures than previously known.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The pathophysiology of changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected after a seizure is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To characterize and describe seizure-induced changes detected by MRI. ANIMALS: Eighty-one client-owned dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy. METHODS: Data collected retrospectively from medical records and included anatomical areas affected, T1-, T2-weighted and T2-FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) appearance, whether changes were unilateral or bilateral, symmetry, contrast enhancement, mass effect, and, gray and white matter distribution. Diffusion- and perfusion weighted maps were evaluated, if available. RESULTS: Seizure-induced changes were T2-hyperintense with no suppression of signal on FLAIR. Lesions were T1-isointense (55/81) or hypointense (26/81), local mass effect (23/81) and contrast enhancement (12/81). The majority of changes were bilateral (71/81) and symmetrical (69/71). The most common areas affected were the hippocampus (39/81) cingulate gyrus (33/81), hippocampus and piriform lobes (32/81). Distribution analysis suggested concurrence between cingulate gyrus and pulvinar thalamic nuclei, the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus and piriform lobe, and, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Diffusion (DWI) characteristics were a mixed-pattern of restricted, facilitated, and normal diffusion. Perfusion (PWI) showed either hypoperfusion (6/9) or hyperperfusion (3/9). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: More areas, than previously reported, have been identified that could incur seizure-induced changes. Similar to human literature, DWI and PWI changes have been identified that could reflect the underlying metabolic and vascular changes.
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Search related cases →Original publication: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33559928/