Male Reproductive Biotechnologies Applied in Pet Caviomorph Rodents (Guinea Pig, Chinchilla and Degu)

Abstract

This review focuses on the male reproductive tract and the biotechnologies applied to pet rodents such as Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), Chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera), and Degus (Octodon degus). Understanding these topics in caviomorph rodents is essential for establishing new protocols, preserving these species, and guiding researchers in the conservation of rodents belonging to the suborder Hystricomorpha. Despite their widespread use as laboratory animals and companion species, information regarding the preservation of male gametes in these rodents remains limited. Guinea pigs have been the primary focus of research, particularly in South America where studies on reproductive biotechnologies are relatively more abundant. In contrast, the body of literature concerning reproductive technologies in chinchillas has been steadily growing, underscoring their increasing significance as research models. Conversely, information on degus remains markedly limited; the absence of established protocols for semen cryopreservation, in particular, highlights the need for more comprehensive and systematic investigations in this species. The anatomy of the reproductive tracts of these species shows similarities, with only minor differences. To advance the conservation and breeding of these rodents, further research on artificial insemination and semen cryopreservation is crucial. The development of effective reproductive biotechnologies will not only aid in the conservation of individual species but also substantially enhance the overall understanding of caviomorph rodent reproduction. Advancing knowledge in these areas may facilitate the establishment of more appropriate management strategies for these species, thereby supporting their care and overall well-being in both laboratory and companion animal settings. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of continued research in reproductive biotechnologies for pet rodents, which could lead to significant advancements in their conservation and breeding programs.