Long-term effect of cervical distraction and stabilization on neurological status and imaging findings in giant breed dogs with cervical stenotic myelopathy.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To assess long-term clinical and imaging outcomes in giant breed dogs with cervical stenotic myelopathy treated surgically. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: Dogs (n = 7). METHODS: All dogs had lateral or dorsolateral cord compression at 1 or more sites and were treated with cervical distraction and stabilization using PMMA plugs. Four dogs had follow-up CT or CT/myelography performed at least 6 months postoperatively. Spinal canal stenosis measurements were compared between pre- and postoperative CT images. Long-term clinical neurologic re-evaluation ranged from 4 to 7 years. Outcome was considered positive, satisfactory, or negative. Recurrence was defined as signs of a cervical myelopathy in dogs that initially improved or had stable disease postoperatively. RESULTS: All dogs had immediate postoperative improvement. Recurrence (4 months to 4 years postoperatively) occurred in 3 dogs that had multiple sites of compression. Long-term outcome was positive in 4 of 7 dogs. Postoperative imaging revealed subjective regression of bony proliferation at surgical sites in 2 of 4 dogs that improved clinically but morphometric data showed no change in canal measurements. An adjacent site lesion was confirmed in 1 dog. CONCLUSIONS: Distraction and stabilization with PMMA plugs and bone grafts is a safe surgical option for giant breed dogs with CSM with a single site of lateral or dorsolateral compression. Long-term recurrence was common among dogs with multiple sites of compression. Follow-up of 4 years or more among a larger population is indicated to fully assess implications of surgical intervention and determine recurrence rates.