Inflammatory profile of patients with different weight diagnoses and similar periodontal condition: A systematic review.

Abstract

<h4>Background</h4>This study aimed to systematically review the literature regarding the inflammatory profiles, measured by cytokines and chemokines, of individuals with different diagnoses of weight, but with the similar periodontal condition.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Searches were performed in five databases (Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane-Central). Studies that compared the inflammatory profile of normal-weight individuals to those with obesity and evaluated the same cytokine, collection method, and periodontal diagnosis (periodontal health, gingivitis, or periodontitis) were included. Cross-sectional studies underwent evaluation by independent researchers using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system assessed evidence certainty.<h4>Results</h4>Twelve studies were included. The diagnosis of obesity was done on the basis of body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF]-α, IL-1β, IL-31, and IL-34) were analyzed in serum, saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and plasma. Periodontal diagnoses varied across studies. TNF-α expression was significantly higher in individuals with obesity and periodontal health or periodontitis. Serum IL-1β levels showed mixed results, but salivary IL-1β levels were elevated in obese individuals. IL-6 levels were higher in obese individuals, regardless of periodontal status. IL-34 and IL-10 showed no significant differences across groups. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-4 (MCP-4) levels were higher in obese individuals with periodontitis or periodontal health. IL-31 and IL-34 in GCF showed no significant differences between obese and nonobese individuals, without periodontitis.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Heterogeneous results were noted for IL-6, IL-1β, IL-31, IL-34, TNF-α, and MCP-4, hindering conclusions on weight's impact on inflammatory profiles in periodontal patients.