Gastrointestinal Disease Associated with Non-Species in Six Birds.

Abstract

A non-species was identified in 6 birds exhibiting clinical signs associated with gastrointestinal disease. The clinical disease signs noted in these 6 birds included diarrhea, regurgitation, and melena, and were considered concurrent or identified secondary to other comorbidities.was identified in a yellow-naped Amazon parrot (), a ring-necked dove (), a blue-and-gold macaw (), and 2 cockatiels ().was identified in a white-crowned parrot (). Fungal culture and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry identification was correlated with results of fecal and/or crop Gram's stains, and DNA sequencing was used in one case. Three cases resolved after treatment, 2 birds died, and 1 was lost to follow-up. Non-infections are an emerging issue in human health care and are known to have an increased resistance to antifungal drugs. Similar tothese non-species are often identified in patients that have a history of prior antibiotic exposure. Recent data in human medicine describe a shift in species distribution away fromdominance and toward other species, includingand. Both species are considered normal flora within the human and bird mycobiota and may emerge to cause disease, especially when the normal gastrointestinal environment has been disrupted.