Field efficacy trial of a novel HVT-IBD vector vaccine for 1-day-old broilers.

Abstract

Two vaccination programmes for infectious bursal disease (IBD) were compared in broiler chickens with maternal immunity, placed on two farms. A turkey herpes virus (HVT)-IBD vector vaccine was administered by the subcutaneous route, at the hatchery, into the chicks of farm A at the age of 1 day. On farm B, an attenuated intermediate live IBD vaccine was given orally at the ages of 17 and 24 days. The vaccine uptake was monitored via serology and bursa/body weight ratio evolution, as well as PCR-based viral IBDV detection in the bursa of Fabricius at various time points. It was also verified by an experimental very virulent IBDV challenge performed at the age of 30 days in birds transferred from the farms with appropriate control groups in a laboratory. An immunity gap was observed in birds from farm B between the decay of the passive and the rise of the active immunity based upon serological data. The level of protection against challenge is not possible to establish in this farm as the reduction of the bursa/body weight ratio observed could be due to the residual pathogenicity of the vaccine strain or the challenge as well. This immunity gap was not present on farm A showing higher serological titres at the ages of 26 and 45 days via a suitable ELISA test and 93% protection against the very virulent challenge at the age of 30 days was observed. The maternal immunity interfering with the live IBDV vaccine replication had no detectable effect on the vector vaccine take.