Feline triaditis

Abstract

Feline triaditis is a species-specific clinical entity characterized by the concurrent occurrence of three major inflammatory conditions: pancreatitis, cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The unique anatomical and physiological features of cats, such as the common pancreaticobiliary duct and the increased bacterial load of the duodenum, facilitate microbial translocation and trigger complex inflammatory responses. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific, making diagnosis challenging and requiring a multimodal approach involving laboratory tests, imaging and histopathological confirmation. The therapeutic management must be individualized, combining fluid therapy, supportive nutrition, antibiotics, immunomodulatory drugs and hepatoprotective agents. Prognosis ranges from favorable in mild cases to poor in acute presentations with systemic complications or chronic progression. This article provides an integrated analysis of the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic strategies and therapeutic approaches to feline triaditis, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary perspective in feline internal medicine.