Evaluation of the Use of a Medium Cut-Off Dialyser Theranova 400 for Severe Metaldehyde Intoxication in Three Dogs: Dialytic Clearance and Therapeutic Response.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical utility and toxin removal kinetics of a commercially available medium cut-off (MCO) haemodialyser as emergent treatment of severe metaldehyde intoxication in three dogs. SERIES SUMMARY: Three dogs presented to the emergency department with severe acute neurological signs, including seizures and incoercible tremors following metaldehyde ingestion. Medical therapy, including gastric decontamination and intravenous lipid emulsion, was unsuccessful in improving the neurological condition in all three dogs. Haemodialysis (HD) with an MCO dialyser was performed as emergency treatment to control the clinical signs of intoxication. Resolution of neurological signs was achieved in all dogs within a 4-h HD session without adverse effects. Metaldehyde concentration was measured serially during each treatment. Drug extraction rate, clearance and mass elimination by the MCO dialyser were calculated. The dialytic clearance was 12.5 times higher than the measured intrinsic clearance. UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED: This case series describes the clinical efficacy of an MCO dialyser in the treatment of severe metaldehyde intoxication in dogs and provides unique insights on the metaldehyde clearance kinetics through an MCO dialyser.