Evaluation of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium content in commercially available foods formulated for healthy cats.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: High dietary phosphorus (P) and low calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (Ca:P) are associated with kidney damage in cats. There are no established guidelines for dietary P maximum for cats. OBJECTIVES: To quantify crude protein, P, Ca, and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in cat foods and compare among food formats (dry, canned, raw), primary protein ingredients, protein concentrations (low, moderate, high), grain-free versus grain-containing foods, foods intended for adult maintenance versus all life stages, and cost. SAMPLES: Eighty-two commercial nonprescription cat foods. METHODS: Descriptive study. Mineral concentrations were measured using inductively coupled argon plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Crude protein was measured using the Dumas nitrogen combustion method. Mineral and crude protein concentrations were compared among food categories. RESULTS: Twenty-seven foods contained &#x2265;3.6 g P/1000&#x2009;kcal metabolizable energy (ME), of which 7 exceeded 4.8 g/1000&#x2009;kcal ME. Thirteen foods had low Ca:P ratio (&#x2264;1.0). The low-protein diet group had no products &#x2265;3.6 g P/1000&#x2009;kcal ME, which was significantly different compared to the high-protein diet group (52% of products had &#x2265;3.6 g P/1000&#x2009;kcal ME; P =&#x2009;.01). No significant differences in P content and Ca:P ratio were found among other diet categories. Canned foods had significantly lower Mg compared to dry (P <&#x2009;.001) and raw (P =&#x2009;.007) foods. Declared minimum P and Ca were significantly lower than analyzed concentrations (P =&#x2009;.0005 and P =&#x2009;.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The high number of foods with high P and low Ca suggest that pet food regulatory reform should be considered.