Peer-reviewed veterinary case report
Effects of stress on pain in horses and incorporating pain scales for equine practice.
- Journal:
- The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice
- Year:
- 2010
- Authors:
- Wagner, Ann E
- Affiliation:
- Department of Clinical Sciences · United States
- Species:
- horse
Abstract
The stress response represents an animal's attempt to reestablish the body's homeostasis after injury, intense physical activity, or psychological strain. Two different neuroendocrine pathways may be activated in stressful situations: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, leading to increased cortisol levels, and the sympathoadrenomedullar system, leading to increased catecholamine levels. By applying some of the evaluation methods described in this article in the appropriate clinical situations, equine veterinarians can almost certainly improve their ability to recognize and manage pain in horses.
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Search related cases →Original publication: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21056295/