Effects of intravenous acepromazine and butorphanol on propofol dosage for induction of anesthesia in healthy Beagle dogs.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of intravenous (IV) premedication with acepromazine, butorphanol or their combination, on the propofol anesthetic induction dosage in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, blinded, Latin square design. ANIMALS: A total of three male and three female, healthy Beagle dogs, aged 3.79 &#xb1; 0.02 years, weighing 10.6 &#xb1; 1.1 kg, mean &#xb1; standard deviation. METHODS: Each dog was assigned to one of six IV treatments weekly: 0.9% saline (treatment SAL), low-dose acepromazine (0.02 mg kg; treatment LDA), high-dose acepromazine (0.04 mg kg; treatment HDA), low-dose butorphanol (0.2 mg kg; treatment LDB), high-dose butorphanol (0.4 mg kg; treatment HDB); and a combination of acepromazine (0.02 mg kg) with butorphanol (0.2 mg kg; treatment ABC). Physiologic variables and sedation scores were collected at baseline and 10 minutes after premedication. Then propofol was administered at 1 mg kgIV over 15 seconds, followed by boluses (0.5 mg kgover 5 seconds) every 15 seconds until intubation. Propofol dose, physiologic variables, recovery time, recovery score and adverse effects were monitored and recorded. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects anova (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Propofol dosage was lower in all treatments than in treatment SAL (4.4 &#xb1; 0.5 mg kg); the largest decrease was recorded in treatment ABC (1.7 &#xb1; 0.3 mg kg). Post induction mean arterial pressures (MAPs) were lower than baseline values of treatments LDA, HDA and ABC. Apnea and hypotension (MAP < 60 mmHg) developed in some dogs in all treatments with the greatest incidence of hypotension in treatment ABC (4/6 dogs). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although the largest decrease in propofol dosage required for intubation was after IV premedication with acepromazine and butorphanol, hypotension and apnea still occurred.