Dissemination and phenotypic characterization of ESBL-producingin Indonesia.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The alarming rise in infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producingin animals and humans poses a serious threat due to its escalating antibiotic resistance. Unveiling this problematic bacteria's prevalence and resistance patterns in animals is crucial for formulating effective control strategies and safeguarding public health. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of three main genes:CTX-M,SHV, andTEM, in ESBL-producingisolates from The Research Center for Veterinary Science and the National Research and Innovation Agency. Moreover, their resistance profiles against various antibiotics should be systematically evaluated. METHODS: Ninety-sevenisolates from the bacteriology laboratory of The Research Center for Veterinary Science were identified on MacConkey medium supplemented with cefotaxime. The isolates were verified for the existence of theCTX-M,SHV, andTEM genes using PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using antibiotic discs following the CLSI standards. RESULTS: The prevalence of ESBL-producingin chicken ceca, eggs, and fish intestines was 16.5% (16/97). The specific genes detected wereCTX-M gene at 93.75% (15/16), followed by theTEM gene, at 81.25% (13/16), and blaSHV at 25% (4/16). The antimicrobial sensitivity test results revealed that all ESBL-producingisolates had multidrug resistance 81.25% to 1-5 antibiotics and 18.75% to 6-7 antibiotics. The isolate exhibited 100% resistance to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole, with exclusive sensitivity to chloramphenicol. CONCLUSION: The dominant gene in the ESBL-producing isolates wasCTX-M. This bacterium is completely resistant to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole, whereas it displays multidrug resistance to 1-7 different types of antibiotics.