Disease outbreak investigation in waterfowl collections in the UK

Abstract

Disease outbreaks in waterfowl collections can occur at any time of the year, and in all cases immediate investigation into the causative factors of morbidity and mortality is imperative. Clinical examination of affected birds and post-mortem examination of carcasses, together with appropriate sample analysis, are essential for diagnosis, and to inform treatment and disease mitigation. Methods of investigation, significant UK waterfowl diseases and treatment options are presented here as a framework for practitioners managing similar scenarios.