Diagnosis of Canine Lymphoma

Abstract

SUMMARY Primary neoplasms of the lymphatic system can manifest themselves as solid tumors (lymphosarcoma) or leukemias, or both. In its broadest sense, lymphoma is used to designate both conditions. Diagnosis of lymphoma requires correlation of physical and hematologic examinations and lymph node biopsy. Early clinical signs are usually peripheral lymphadenopathy and, occasionally, splenomegaly and tonsillar enlargement. Because lymphoma can originate in almost any organ, however, the clinician should be aware of unusual presentations. Late manifestations are variable, depending on organs involved, and may include such signs as anemia, fever, and weight loss. Hematologically, nonspecific leukocytosis often occurs; however, frank leukemia develops in less than 50% of all affected dogs. Lymph node biopsy is essential to differentiate lymphoma from non-neoplastic lymphadenopathy.