Development of Digital Literacy: Application of Artificial Intelligence in Education and Clinical Practice of Oncology Nurses.

Abstract

<h4>Objectives</h4>To synthesize current educational approaches to AI literacy in oncology nursing, identify key competency domains along with barriers and enablers, and offer clinically oriented recommendations for the safe and effective integration of AI into clinical practice.<h4>Methods</h4>Structured search of MEDLINE via PubMed (2015-2025) using MeSH and free-text terms, complemented with free sources (Google Scholar, OpenAlex/Lens), handsearching of key journals, and backward/forward citation chasing. Study selection was performed by two independent reviewers, with disagreements resolved by consultation with a third author; the process is summarized in a PRISMA 2020 flow diagram.<h4>Results</h4>Findings confirm that digital and AI literacy are fundamental for oncology nurses. Effective use of AI requires a grasp of basic ML principles, data interpretation, and ethics. Educational strategies include integration into formal curricula and innovative formats such as microlearning, simulations, and virtual reality. Key barriers are uneven digital skills, resistance to technology, and lack of structured programs. Successful education is further supported by multidisciplinary collaboration and patient involvement. Evidence suggests that AI enhances clinical decision-making, personalized care, safety, and nurse autonomy.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Incorporating AI competencies into nursing education is crucial for improving safety and quality in oncology care. Educational reforms should foster critical thinking, ensure ongoing evaluation, and preserve empathy towards patients. Verified and flexible programs enable sustainable literacy development aligned with technological and ethical standards.<h4>Implications for nursing practice</h4>Nurses educated in AI can improve clinical decision-making, reduce errors, and provide empathetic, individualized care. AI should be regarded solely as a tool that supports nurses' work, not as a replacement. Interdisciplinary and patient-centered approaches support the safe integration of AI into daily oncology nursing practice. This review uniquely focuses on oncology nursing, integrates peer-reviewed and professional/grey sources, and offers practical curriculum and clinical integration recommendations that complement recent reviews.