Comparative meta-analysis of prevalence and molecular features of high-priorityandfrom the guts of food-producing and wild birds.

Abstract

Birds harbourandas gut commensals but could acquire and transmit high-priority strains. Following the PRISMA guidelines, eligible studies that reported the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles ofandfrom gut samples of food-producing (FPBs) and wild birds (WBs) published from 2005-2024 were screened from major bibliographic databases. Random-effect models were used to determine the pooled prevalences (PPs) of vancomycin (VAN), ampicillin (AMP), and linezolid (LZD) resistantandfrom non-duplicated gut samples of FPBs and WBs. Of the 36 eligible studies, the overall PP of VAN-and VAN-were 1.8% and 0.7%, respectively. AMP-and AMP-were 1.6% and 0.6%, respectively. LZD-and LZD-were 1% and 0.8%, respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed significant temporal variations in the PPs of VAN-(&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). FPBs had significantly higher PPs of VAN, AMPand LZDandthan WBs (&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Healthcare-associated-carryinglineages from WBs (ST16, ST17, ST18, and ST412) and-carryinglineages (ST32, ST59, ST330) from FPBs were identified. In FPBs, Egypt had the highest PP of VAN-(11.9%) and LZD-(2.8%). Conversely, the USA had the highest PP of VAN-in WBs (2.4%). A higher frequency of vancomycin- than linezolid-resistant strains exists, and VAN-are disproportionately distributed based on bird species, year of study, and country, indicating varied selection pressure. Significantly higher prevalence of VAN-than VAN-was found, highlighting the higher capacity ofto acquire ampicillin and vancomycin resistance in birds.Vancomycin, ampicillin, and linezolid resistance inandare considered high-priority public health concerns.This is a meta-analysis of high-priorityandfrom gut samples of birds.Food-producing birds had significantly higher frequency of priorityandthan wild birds.Vancomycin resistance inandexists more frequently than linezolid resistance.has a higher capacity to acquire ampicillin and vancomycin resistance than.Genetically related human-adapted vancomycin- and linezolid-resistant strains were identified in food-producing and wild birds.