Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of repeated conventional hypofractionated radiotherapy for recurrent intranasal tumors in dogs.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite an initial favorable response to hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT), intranasal neoplasia has a poor long-term prognosis. Re-irradiation (re-RT) has been shown to result in clinical remission in dogs with recurrent intranasal tumors. Hypofractionated re-RT is indicated in cases of recurrence. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the response of patients with recurrent intranasal tumors who were initially treated with repeated hypofractionated RT and subsequently underwent re-RT. METHODS: Medical records of dogs with intranasal tumors that relapsed after undergoing hypofractionated RT at Azabu University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and who underwent re-RT between 2008 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 30 dogs included, 20 had adenocarcinomas. Eleven patients underwent a second re-RT, and five patients underwent a third re-RT. The median total isocenter dose and total number of fractions were 56 Gy (range, 37.5-102) and 8 fractions (range, 5-14), respectively. The first, second, and third progression-free intervals (PFIs) were 315 (= 30), 185 (= 11), and 218 days (= 4), respectively. Overall survival (OS) was 504 days (= 30). Adverse events such as alopecia (= 7), white hair (= 8), cataracts (= 9), pigmentation (= 5), keratitis (= 3), and corneal ulceration (= 1) were limited to grades 1 and 2. The medians of the first PFI for one course and two or more courses of re-RT were 298 and 331 days, respectively, indicating no significant differences between the groups. The OS after two or more courses of re-RT (758 days) was significantly longer than after one course of re-RT alone (414 days) (= 0.048). However, the cases were not randomized, and most of the tumor types were adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSION: Since it is expected to prolong survival time with few life-threatening adverse events, the findings of the present study suggest that hypofractionated re-RT can be used in dogs with recurrent intranasal tumors initially treated with hypofractionated RT. Therefore, repeated hypofractionated re-RT may be a reasonable option for young dogs with a good initial response and recurrent intranasal tumors.