Centrifugation force and time influence on platelet, leukocyte, and growth factor concentrations in canine platelet-rich plasma.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of varying centrifugal force and spin times on platelet, leukocyte, erythrocyte, and growth factor concentrations in canine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared with a new PRP separating device system (Autologous Conditioned Plasma [ACP] Max System; Arthrex Inc). METHODS: 12 healthy client-owned dogs were included in this experimental study. The study was performed from July to October 2023 and assessed PRP composition following different centrifugation protocols. Whole blood was collected from 6 healthy client-owned dogs and processed with 4 first-spin protocols: 2,420 or 2,696 X g for 6 or 9 minutes. A standardized second spin cycle (315.5 X g for 5 minutes) was then performed. Complete blood counts were performed to quantify platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte concentrations in whole blood and PRP. Growth factors in PRP were quantified with ELISAs for PDGF-ββ, FGF, TGF-β1, IGF-1, VEGF, and IL-1RA. RESULTS: All spin protocols reduced erythrocyte and leukocyte concentrations and increased platelet concentrations compared to whole blood. Platelet concentration was significantly increased compared to whole blood with an initial spin cycle of 2,420 X g. The 2,420 X g for 9 minutes protocol yielded a significant increase in PDGF-ββ. Transforming growth factor β1 was significantly increased across all protocols. CONCLUSIONS: The ACP Max System effectively produced PRP with reduced erythrocytes and leukocytes and increased platelet concentrations. Among the protocols tested, 2,420 X g for 9 minutes most effectively enhanced platelet and PDGF-ββ concentrations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Centrifugation settings impact the cellular and growth factor composition of the final PRP product. Clinical efficacy of variable PRP products needs further evaluation.