Beneficial consequences of probiotic on mitochondrial hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, causing dementia and brain cells death. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the ameliorating effect of probiotic against AD induced in rats by d-galactose and AlClinjection via evaluating mitochondrial parameter changes in hippocampus. METHODS: This study was carried out on rats were classified into five groups; G1 (control group), G2 (probiotic group), G3 (AD group), G4 (co-treated group) and G5 (post-treated group). By the end of the experiment, some different neurotransmitters, oxidative stress biomarkers, zinc, blood glucose, NaKATPase subunit alpha 1 (ATP1A1), and gene expression of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured. RESULTS: Significant changes in neurotransmitters, antioxidants levels and decreased ATP1A1 activity and gene expression of MMP in the hippocampus in G3 were detected if compared to control. Best improvement in G5 than G4 group was observed. These results were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical studies in hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: Acidophilus probiotic was able to alleviate learning and memory associated injuries in AD by reducing mitochondrial dysfunction induced by d-galactose and AlCl. This may be associated with its antioxidant properties.