Amygdalin improves ovarian function by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in premature ovarian failure mice.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Menstrual stoppage, follicular dysplasia, and hypergonadotropic hypoestrogenism in women under forty are among the symptoms of premature ovarian failure (POF). This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of amygdalin on ovarian function in a POF mouse model. METHODS: A POF mouse model was established via injection of D-galactose (D-gal), followed by amygdalin treatment. Histological staining of ovarian tissues was applied to determine follicular development and granulosa cell apoptosis. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in ovarian tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), anti-M&#xfc;llerian hormone (AMH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum, and tumor necrosis factor-&#x3b1; (TNF-&#x3b1;), interleukin-1&#x3b2; (IL-1&#x3b2;), and IL-6 levels in ovaries. RESULTS: D-gal increased levels of FSH, LH, ROS, MDA, TNF-&#x3b1;, IL-1&#x3b2;, IL-6, Bax, atretic follicles, and granulosa cell apoptosis, and decreased P, E2, AMH, SOD, GSH-px, Bcl-2, and primordial, primary, secondary, and total follicles (<0.01). Amygdalin with different concentrations reversed the effects of D-gal on mice (<0.05). CONCLUSION: Amygdalin improved ovarian function in POF mice through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and granulosa cell apoptosis. These results suggested that amygdalin may be a potential antioxidant for POF treatment.