A Novel Mouse Model for Superficial Varicose Veins: The Dorsal Fold Approach.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: While porcine models have been successfully established for superficial varicose veins research, their widespread application remains constrained by substantial costs and procedural complexities. This study aims to develop and systematically characterize a novel murine model of superficial venous varicosity, thereby providing a useful animal model for future therapeutic investigations. METHODS: The dorsal pleated chamber was modeled by installing a chamber frame on the back of the mice. Transillumination microscopy was used daily for 1 week postoperatively, and the length and diameter of the vessels in the viewing window were measured. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to assess structural changes and pathological changes in the veins. RESULTS: One week after the procedure, the veins in the observation window showed significant length and diameter changes. Histologically, the experimental group of veins observed manifestations consistent with human superficial varicose veins, such as dilatation of the walls, increased inflammation, atrophy of the mesentery, and connective tissue degeneration. CONCLUSION: Superficial varicose veins formed in this model have morphology and histology consistent with that observed in human varicose vein disease. The mouse dorsal fold model is considered a suitable experimental model for assessing the pathobiology of superficial venous disease. It may also be suitable for evaluating therapeutic interventions including drug therapy.